MOBIL CANGGIH TAK SEBATAS IMPIAN

Gelaran pameran otomotif tahunan terbesar, GAIKINDO Indonesia International Auto Show (GIIAS) 2017 tinggal menghitung hari. Pameran mobil ini akan digelar tepatnya di tanggal 10 – 20 Agustus 2017 mendatang. Pameran mobil berskala internasional yang telah mendapat pengakuan dari Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), telah menyiapkan beragam produk unggulan berteknologi tercanggih dari berbagai brand. Momen ini tentunya menjadi waktu yang paling ditunggu-tunggu oleh para pecinta otomotif. Mengingat, bahwa perkembangan teknologi otomotif semakin tahun semakin berkembang. Dan, inilah waktu yang tepat bagi saya secara pribadi mengenal dekat teknologi mobil impian di ajang, GIAS 2017 yang tidak boleh dilewatkan!

Civic Turbo Hatchback. Pas! Sepertinya saat ini, kata itu adalah yang paling tepat mendeskripsikan mobil impian saya. Mobil yang ‘dimasak’ di dapur Honda Prospect Motor ini telah berhasil memikat saya. Penampilannya Pas! Sangat menawan. Tampilan desainnya begitu mewah. Kecanggihan khas Eropa menjadi sangat padu.Lagi-lagi, semua perpaduan begitu Pas! di mata saya. Civic Turbo Hatchback kabarnya akan mejeng di pameran mobil GIIAS 2017. Siapa tak ingin melihat sosok mobil impian yang punya desain eksterior sporty, dan secara kesuluruhan dilengkapi dengan fitur canggih yang bikin penasaran.

Dibekali mesin VTEC Turbo DOCH 16 katup + DBW dengan kapasitas mencapai 1.5 liter, dipastikan bahwa mobil ini memiliki tenaga yang begitu powerful. Teknologi canggih yang ‘nempel’ pada mobil impian saya  ini kabarnya akan hadir pada beberapa fitur yang pastinya akan membuat pengendara mendapatkan kenyamanan dan keselamatan maksimal dalam berkendara.

Dilihat dari sisi penampilannya, Civic Turbo Hatchback ini didandani desain headlamp yang telah menggunakan teknologi LED dan DRL sehingga mampu memberikan penerangan maksimal dengan menampilkan kesan elegan. Tampilan sporty juga terdapat pada bumper body mobil ini, tepatnya pada bagian grille yang dibuat menyatu dengan kedua headlamp-nya. Menuju ke bagian sisi kanan dan kiri, mobil ini memiliki ‘pahatan’ berupa garis tegas yang semakin menonjolkan kesan gagahnya. Beralih ke sektor belakang, Honda juga melengkapinya dengan roof spoiler dan rear panel yang memanjang diantara kedua stop lamp yang juga telah dilengkapi lampu LED. Sisi eksterior yang begitu menawan semakin menyiratkan bahwa mobil gagah nan sporty ini, memiliki performa yang juga tinggi.

Beralih ke bagian interiornya. Mobil ini memiliki ruang kabin yang begitu luas. Jok/kursi penumpang yang terbuat dari bahan material kulit sintesis berkualitas tinggi. Luasnya ruang kabin, membuat penumpang dapat bergerak lebih leluasa. Bicara material jok, bukan Cuma soal material pembentuknya saja. Tapi juga, jok khusus untuk pengemudi bisa diatur dalam 8 setelan. Pada bagian kursi baris kedua, kursi dapat dilipat hingga sejajar sehingga mampu menambah kapasitas bagasi. Fitur canggih yang menempeli mobil ini diantaranya ada pada beberapa menu navigasi. Mirroring Smartphone (tipe E), audio sistem (Mp3), telephone and smartphone connection serta Auto AC adalah beberapa fitur yang kian membuat saya penasaran. Di bagian kemudi, mobil ini dilengkapi dengan panel indikator berupa MID Full LCD. Pada bagian setirnya  Civic Turbo Hatchback dilengkapi dengan beberapa tombol kontrol yang sudah terintegrasi dengan menu navigasi. Selain itu, ada juga sensor hujan yang secara otomatis akan mengoperasikan wiper ketika hujan. Bagi saya yang juga suka mendengarkan musik, Civic Turbo Hatcback adalah pilihan terbaik karena memiliki 8 speakers. 8 speakers ini bisa membuat saya seperti berada di tengah konser music akbar. Ambience –nya bikin ‘pecah’! Saya semakin tidak sabar untuk bertemu dengan mobil impian saya, Civic Turbo Hatchback. Ingin rasanya saya kenalan lebih dekat dengan mobil impian saya. Wajib hukumnya bagi saya untuk melihat mobil ini di pameran mobil, GIIAS 2017.

Dengan teknologi canggih yang ada di dalamnya, tentu bukan saya saja yang ingin melihat mobil impian ini. Banyak orang yang punya impian sama dengan saya, melihat dan tentunya memiliki Civic Turbo Hatchback.

Civic Turbo Hatchback sebagai produk unggulan Honda ini rasanya semakin membuat saya semakin tidak sabar untuk dapat menemui langsung dan mengenal lebih dekat mobil impian ini di gelaran pameran mobil GIIAS 2017. Mobil yang telah memboyong teknologi canggih di dalamnya merupakan impian bagi semua pecinta otomotif khususnya masyarakat Indonesia. Berdasarkan riset yang dilakukan oleh Vijay Rao, Research Director, Asia Pacific at Frost & Sullivan, Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki perkembangan cukup melesat pada sektor otomotif. Untuk kawasan ASEAN, posisi Indonesia berada setelah Thailand. Perkembangan ini dipicu oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi yang stabil, peningkatan kelas menengah dan peningkatan investasi sektor otomotif, serta pemberlakuan regulasi otomotif yang mendukung pertumbuhan pasar. Hal ini memberikan semangat dan optimisme bagi GAIKINDO.

Sekretaris Umum GAIKINDO, Noegardjito, mengungkap, industri otomorif Indonesia akan terus tumbuh dan berkembang pesat. Komponen ini bisa mendongkrak pasar otomotif di Tanah Air. Dan, bukan tak mungkin bisa bersaing dengan pasar otomotif dunia.

Dengan status GIIAS yang sudah diakui dan masuk dalam kalender tahunan OICA, jelas ajang ini bisa jadi kompetitor untuk para pelaku industri otomotif dunia. Ratusan produk unggulan dengan kualitas dan teknologi terbaik dari para Agen Pemegang Merek (APM) dan non APM bakal hadir di ajang ini. Maka tak dapat dipungkiri, mobil dengan balutan teknologi canggih bukan cuma sebatas impian.

Credit Image :Google.com

POEM EXAMPLES

Monody
Summer in the hills
Those hazy days I do remember
We were running still
Had the whole world at our feet
Watching seasons change
Mountains in the way
Our roads were lined with adventure
This is home where we are
Couldn't keep us from the sea
Here we stand open arms
I still hear you in the breeze
Ever strong in the world that we made
See your shadows in the trees
Holding on, memories never change

Your Smile On My Mind
I wake up every day with your smile on my mind. 
It's a beautiful sight to behold, so soft and so kind. 
My dreams are filled with the thought of me and you.
I awake and smile, for my dreams have come true.
I have you to guide me through my troubles and fears. 
I'll always be here for you through your struggles and tears. 
I love you more than my words could ever show.
You mean everything to me, I just want you to know.
I'll be here for you no matter the dilemma. 
You will always be first on my agenda.

"Can't Help Falling In Love"
Wise men say
Only fools rush in
But I can't help falling in love with you

Shall I stay?

Would it be a sin

If I can't help falling in love with you?

Like a river flows

Surely to the sea

Darling, so it goes

Some things are meant to be

Take my hand,Take my whole life, too

For I can't help falling in love with you

Like a river flows

Surely to the sea

Darling, so it goes

Some things are meant to be

Take my hand,Take my whole life, too

For I can't help falling in love with you

For I can't help falling in love with you

Lost In The Past
Searching for something that may never be known,mental disturbance turns a heart back to stone.
Create memories alone in your head,holding you hostage as you lay in your bed.
Fits of despair have blinded your sight,awaken to find you are losing the fight.
Rays of sunlight lead the way,hurts from the past only keep you away.
Deception has caused your faith to stray,simple gestures are life's way to say...
Release the burden that's wanted your stay,crumble your thoughts and throw them away.
Discover a strength to start a new page,no longer alone slipped from the cage.
Bruised and broken you now can see
a glimpse of hope that may set your free.

Can Earth Be Earth?
Can earth be Earth when all its trees are gone,
And sudsy waters have become unfit,
And poisoned life no longer greets the dawn
With raucous sounds that death has caused to quit?
Will trees no longer wave, with limbs unfurled,
On hapless earth, that ever in orbit roams?
Will human ego sacrifice the world
To satiate its lust for pompous homes?
Will distant space look down on orb that's bald.
I now can hear the mother say,
"I was once called Earth.
But now, bereft of mirth, I weep.
That treeless orb's no longer Earth."

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

Degree Of Comparison

The Degrees of Comparison in English grammar are made with the Adjective and Adverb words to show how big or small, high or low, more or less, many or few, etc., of the qualities, numbers and positions of the nouns (persons, things and places) in comparison to the others mentioned in the other part of a sentence or expression.An Adjective is a word which qualifies (shows how big, small, great, many, few, etc.) a noun or a pronoun is in a sentence.An adjective can be attributive (comes before a noun) or predicative (comes in the predicate part):e.g.

He is a tall man. (‘tall’ —  adjective – attributive)
This man is tall.  (‘tall’ —  adjective – predicative)

An Adverb is a word which adds to the meaning of the main verb (how it is done, when it is done, etc.) of a sentence or expression.
It normally ends with ‘ly’, but there are some adverbs that are without ‘ly’:
e.g.

She ate her lunch quickly.
He speaks clearly.
They type fast.

Kinds of comparison:

1. POSITIVE DEGREE:

 Tom is tall a boy.

In this sentence the word ‘tall’ is an adjective telling us how Tom is.  There is no other person or thing in this sentence used to compare Tom with, but it is the general way of saying about persons, animals and things that they have some quality (here ‘tallness’) above average in general sense. The adjective word ‘tall’ is said to be  in the “positive form”.

This comparison is called “positive degree” comparison.

There are two more comparisons with the ‘positive form’ of the adjective words.
They are:

(i)  Degree of Equality: This comparison is used to compare two persons, animals or things to tell us that they are equal – having the same quality.

There are  two cats with the same height and weight, and look the same except for the colour.

Therefore we say:

The brown cat is as beautiful as the grey cat.  (= Both the cats are the same.)

The word “beautiful” is an adjective in the ‘positive form’, and with the conjunction as…as  it expresses the ‘degree of equality’.

(ii)  Degree of Inequality: This comparison is used to compare two persons, animals or things to tell us that they are not equal – not having the same quality. 

The brown cat is not so beautiful as the black & white cat.         (= They are not the same.)

The word “beautiful” is an adjective in the ‘positive form’, and with the conjunction so…as (and the negative ‘not’) it expresses the ‘degree of inequality’

2. COMPARATIVE DEGREE:

Tom is a tall boy.
Tom is taller than his sister. 
                                              
In the second sentence the word ‘taller’ is an adjective used to compare the ‘tallness’ of these two persons – Tom and his sister – and to tell us that Tom has more of the quality of ‘tallness’.

Therefore, an adjective word which shows the difference of quality between twotwo groupsof persons, animals or things is said to be in the ‘comparative form’. persons, animals or things, or

This comparison is called “Comparative Degree”.

There are two more degrees of comparison with the ‘comparative form’ of an adjective. They are:

(i)  Parallel Degree: This comparison is used to show that the qualities of two items (adjectives or adverbs) talked about in the given sentence go parallel, i.e. if one quality (adjective or adverb) increases, the other quality (adjective or adverb) increases, and if one quality decreases, the other quality also decreases.

The bigger the box, the heavier it is.

(ii)  Progressive Degree: This comparison is used to show that the quality of a thing (adjective or adverb) talked about in the given sentence increases as the time passes, for example: 

MON      TUE         WED       THU        FRI          SAT         SUN

25° → 27° → 30° → 33°→ 35° → 38° → 40° 

It’s getting hotter and hotter day by day.  [as the time passes the temperature increases] OR The days are getting hotter and hotter.

3. SUPERLATIVE DEGREE: 

A musk ox is a large animal.        
An elephant is larger than a musk ox.
The blue whale is the largest of all animals.
The blue whale is the largest of all animals in the world.

In this sentence the word (the) ‘largest’ is an adjective used to compare the “largeness” of the blue whale and to tell us that the blue whale has the most quality of ‘largeness’.

This comparison is used to compare one person, animal or thing with more than twopersons, animals or things (the rest of the group of more than two), and to say that the particular one has the highest degree of that       particular quality (here the comparison is between the blue whale and the rest of the animals, more than two). The adjective ‘large’ is said to be in the ‘superlative form’.

This comparison is called “Superlative Degree”.

Question words 

An interrogative word or question word is a function word used to ask a question, such as what, when, where, who, why and how. They are sometimes called wh-words, because in English most of them start with wh- (compare Five Ws).

WHO

WHO is only used when referring to people. (= I want to know the person)

• Who is the best football player in the world?
• Who are your best friends?
• Who is that strange guy over there?

WHERE

WHERE is used when referring to a place or location. (= I want to know the place)

• Where is the library?
• Where do you live?
• Where are my shoes?

WHEN

WHEN is used to refer to a time or an occasion. (= I want to know the time)

• When do the shops open?
• When is his birthday?
• When are we going to finish?

WHY

WHY is used to obtain an explanation or a reason. (= I want to know the reason)

• Why do we need a nanny?
• Why are they always late?
• Why does he complain all the time?

Normally the response begins with "Because..."

WHAT

WHAT is used to refer to specific information. (= I want to know the thing)

• What is your name?
• What is her favourite colour?
• What is the time?

WHICH

WHICH is used when a choice needs to be made. (= I want to know the thing between alternatives)

• Which drink did you order – the rum or the beer?
• Which day do you prefer for a meeting – today or tomorrow?
• Which is better - this one or that one?

HOW

HOW is used to describe the manner that something is done. (= I want to know the way)

• How do you cook paella?
• How does he know the answer?
• How can I learn English quickly?

With HOW there are a number of other expressions that are used in questions:

How much – refers to a quantity or a price (uncountable nouns)

• How much time do you have to finish the test?
• How much is the jacket on display in the window?
• How much money will I need?

How many – refers to a quantity (countable nouns)

• How many days are there in April?
• How many people live in this city?
• How many brothers and sister do you have?

How often – refers to frequency

• How often do you visit your grandmother?
• How often does she study?
• How often are you sick?

How far – refers to distance

• How far is the university from your house?
• How far is the bus stop from here?

5 W + 1 H in English Newspaper

David Suzuki

David Suzuki is a well-known biologist and outspoken environmentalist. He was born on March 24, 1936, the eldest son of the Suzuki family. His interest in public speaking developed when he was in Junior High School. He went on to win many public speaking contests, often speaking about conserving nature. After working in several universities, Suzuki moved to the University of British Columbia where he continued with his research in biology.  Today, Suzuki shares his environmental concerns with the world through his TV program, The Nature of Things.

Template: 5 W’s

• Who is involved

David Suzuki

• What is it about?

well known biologist and outspoken environmentalist

• When did it take place?

… born on March 24, 1936 (until the present time)

• Where did it take place?

After working in several universities, Suzuki moved to the University of British Columbia

• Why is it important or interesting?

Today, Suzuki shares his environmental concerns with the world through his TV program, The Nature of Things.

• The dominant W – underline it – who, what, where, when, why

David Suzuki is a well known biologist and outspoken environmentalist.

• The Minor W’s – underline them- Who, What, Where, When, Why

• The main idea is stated in the introduction

David Suzuki is a well known biologist and outspoken environmentalist.

• The paragraph closes with a conclusion

Today, Suzuki shares his environmental concerns with the world through his TV program, The Nature of Things.

Active / Passive Verb Forms

Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.

Active Form

In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

Examples:

Passive Form

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

Examples:

Tense	Active	Passive
Simple Present	Once a week, Tom cleans the house.	Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
Present Continuous	Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.	Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.
Simple Past	Sam repaired the car.	The car was repaired by Sam.
Past Continuous	The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.	The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
Present Perfect	Many tourists have visited that castle.	That castle has been visited by many tourists.
Present Perfect Continuous	Recently, John has been doing the work.	Recently, the work has been being done by John.
Past Perfect	George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.	Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license.
Past Perfect Continuous	Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.	The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being preparedby Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris.
Simple Future will	Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.	The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
Simple Future be going to	Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.	A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
Future Continuous will	At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.	At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.
Future Continuous be going to	At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes.	At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washedby John.
Future Perfect will	They will have completed the project before the deadline.	The project will have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect be going to	They are going to have completed the project before the deadline.	The project is going to have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuous will	The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.	The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect Continuous be going to	The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.	The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Used to	Jerry used to pay the bills.	The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
Would Always	My mother would always make the pies.	The pies would always be made by my mother.
Future in the Past Would	I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM.	I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
Future in the Past Was Going to	I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.	I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight.

Source:

• http://www.weblearneng.com/the-degrees-of-comparison
• http://www.grammar.cl/Notes/Question_Words.htm
• http://www.sponsoravillage.ca/2010/01/5-ws-sample-paragraph/
• http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html
• 
  

BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

Simple Present tense

In English grammar, the simple present tense is a form of the verb that refers to an action or event that is ongoing or that regularly takes place in present time (for example, "He crieseasily"). Except in the case of be, the simple present is represented in English by either the base form of the verb (e.g., "I/You/We/They sing") or the base form plus the third-person singular -s inflection ("She sings").

Example For Simple Present tense

Repeating actions or habits:

Bill jogs every day.

Bill never jogs.

Does Bill jog on Sundays?

Jane works hard.

Jane doesn't work hard at all!

Jim builds houses for a living.

What does Jim do for a living?

They play basketball every Sunday.

At what time do you usually eat dinner?

Facts or things which are true at all times:

London is in England.

London is not in France.

You can't live without water.

Can you live without water?

Sarah is a good girl.

When does it start snowing?

I speak French.

I don't speak Japanese.

Conditions (not actions) taking place at this moment:

I agree.

Tom thinks it's a good idea.

They have a lot of money.

They don't have any money.

Do they have some money?

I feel so tired.

You are brilliant!

They don't need his help.

Present Continuous tense

The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. The Present Continuous also describes activities generally in progress (not at the moment). Another use of the tense is to talk about temporary actions or future plans.  

Positive Sentences
           I am listening to the news
           You are washing your clothes
           She is riding on horse
           They are playing football.
           It is raining

Negative Sentence
          I am not listening to the news.
          You are not washing your clothes.
          She is not riding on a horse.
          They are not playing football.
          It is not raining.

Interrogative Sentences
         Am I listening to the news?
         Are you washing your clothes?
         Is she riding on a horse?
         Are they playing football?
         Is it raining?

 Simple Past tense

In English grammar, the simple past is a verb tense (the second principal part of a verb) indicating action that occurred in the past and which does not extend into the present.
The simple past tense (also known as the past simple or preterite) of regular verbs is marked by the ending -d, -ed, or -t. Irregular verbs have a variety of endings. The simple past is not accompanied by helping verbs.

Example For Simple Past tense

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

• I saw a movie yesterday.
• I didn't see a play yesterday.
• Last year, I traveled to Japan.
• Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
• Did you have dinner last night?
• She washed her car.
• He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

• I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
• He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
• Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
• 
  

USE 3 Duration in Past

• I lived in Brazil for two years.
• Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
• They sat at the beach all day.
• They did not stay at the party the entire time.
• We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
• A: How long did you wait for them?
  B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

• I studied French when I was a child.
• He played the violin.
• He didn't play the piano.
• Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
• She worked at the movie theater after school.
• They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

• She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
• He didn't like tomatoes before.
• Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
• People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

 Past Continuous tense

The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in the past and is still going on at the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses an unfinished or incomplete action in the past.

Example For Past Continuous tense

• They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.
• Caroline was skiing when she broke her leg.
• When we arrived he was having a bath.
• When the fire started I was watching television.

What is subject verb agreement?

Subject verb agreement refers to the fact that the subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number. In other words, they both must be singular or they both must be plural. You can’t have a singular subject with a plural verb or vice versa. The tricky part is in knowing the singular and plural forms of subjects and verbs.
Singular and plural subjects, or nouns, are usually pretty easy. In most cases the plural form of a noun has an “s” at the end.
Like this:
Car – singular
Cars – plural

Verbs don’t follow this pattern, though. Adding an “s” to a verb doesn’t make a plural. Here’s what I mean:

Walk
Walks

Which one is the singular form and which is the plural form? Here’s a tip for you. Ask yourself which would you use with the word they and which would you use with he or she.

He walks.
She walks.
They walk.

Since he and she are singular pronouns walks is a singular verb. The word they is plural sowalk is the plural form.

Examples of Subject-Verb Agreement:

If a compound subject is joined by "or" or "nor," look at the subject closest to the verb and make the verb agree with that part of the subject.

Special Cases:

1) These indefinite pronouns are always singular and should be paired with a singular verb: any, anything, each, either, neither, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, nothing, one.

2) These indefinite pronouns are always plural and should be paired with a plural verb: few, many

3) For some indefinite pronouns (some, all, none) it depends on the item that the pronoun refers to.

4) Notice that some subjects may appear to be plural but are singular because they refer to one thing or a single amount of something (examples: mathematics, mumps, news)

5) Some subjects refer to one thing, but take a plural verbs (examples: scissors, pants)

Examples of correct subject-verb agreement:

1) He runs four miles every day. (singular subject; singular verb)

2) They ride the school bus in the afternoon. (plural subject; plural verb)

3) Few of the children are here today. (plural)

4) Some of the money is missing. (singular-money is singular)

5) None of the marbles have rolled out of the circle. (plural-marbles is plural)

6) One of the nails is sticking out. (one is singular)

7) The scissors are on the table. (plural)

8) Katie or three girls walk to the office. (girls is closer, so verb is plural)

9) Is mumps caused by a virus? (singular)

10) Neither the tray nor the cups were put away. (cups is closer, so verb is plural)

Kind Of Pronoun

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence. Pronouns are used so that our language is not cumbersome with the same nouns being repeated over and over in a paragraph. Some examples of pronouns include I, me, mine, myself, she, her, hers, herself,we, us, ours and ourselves. You may have noticed that they tend to come in sets of four, all referring to the same person, group or thing.

• He, him, his and himself, for example, all refer to a male person or something belonging to him
• They, them, theirs and themselves all refer to a group or something belonging to a group, and so on.

The truth is that there are many different types of pronouns, each serving a different purpose in a sentence.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns can be the subject of a clause or sentence. They are: I, he, she, it, they, we, and you. Example: “They went to the store.”
Personal pronouns can also be objective, where they are the object of a verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase. They are: me, her, him, it, you, them, and us. Example: “David gave the gift to her.”
Possession can be shown by personal pronouns, like: mine, his, hers, ours, yours, its, andtheirs. Example: “Is this mine or yours?”

Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns are often (but not always) found at the beginning of a sentence. More precisely, the subject of a sentence is the person or thing that lives out the verb.

• I owe that person $3,000. – I am living out that debt. I is the subject pronoun.
• He and I had a fight. – This sentence has two subjects because he and I were both involved in the fight.
• He broke my kneecaps. – You get the idea.
• To him, I must now pay my children's college funds. – If you'll notice, the verb in this sentence – the action – is "pay." Although I is not at the beginning of the sentence, it is the person living out the action and is, therefore, the subject.

Object Pronouns

By contrast, objects and object pronouns indicate the recipient of an action or motion. They come after verbs and prepositions (to, with, for, at, on, beside, under, around, etc.).

• The guy I borrowed money from showed me a crowbar and told me to pay himimmediately.
• I begged him for more time.
• He said he'd given me enough time already.
• I tried to dodge the crowbar, but he hit me with it anyway.
• Just then, the police arrived and arrested us.

Subject vs. Object Pronouns

There is often confusion over which pronouns you should use when you are one half of a dual subject or object. For example, should you say:

• "Me and him had a fight." or "He and I had a fight?"
• "The police arrested me and him." or "The police arrested he and I?"

Some people will tell you that you should always put the other person first and refer to yourself as "I" because it's more proper, but those people are wrong. You can put the other person first out of politeness, but you should always use the correct pronouns (subject or object) for the sentence.
A good test to decide which one you need is to try the sentence with one pronoun at a time. Would you say, "Me had a fight?" Of course not. You'd say, "I had a fight." What about, "Him had a fight?" No, you'd say, "He had a fight." So when you put the two subjects together, you get, "He and I had a fight." The same rule applies to the other example.

• You wouldn't say, "The police arrested he," or, "The police arrested I."
• You would use "him" and "me."

So the correct sentence is, "The police arrested him and me."

Possessive Adjectives vs. Possessive Pronouns

Pronominal possessive adjectives include the following: my, your, our, their, his, her and its. They are sort of pronouns in that they refer to an understood noun, showing possession by that noun of something. They are technically adjectives, though, because they modify a noun that follows them.

• My money is all gone.
• I gambled it all away on your race horse.
• His jockey was too fat.

In all of these examples, there is a noun (money, race horse, jockey) that has not been replaced with a pronoun. Instead, an adjective is there to show whose money, horse and jockey we’re talking about.
Possessive pronouns, on the other hand – mine, yours, ours, theirs, his, hers, its – are truly pronouns because they refer to a previously named or understood noun. They stand alone, not followed by any other noun. For comparison's sake, look at this sentence:

• You have your vices, and I have mine.

There are two types of pronouns here: subject (you/I) and possessive (mine). There's also a possessive adjective (your). We'll deal with the subject pronouns momentarily, but for now, just look at the others.
Your is followed by the noun, vices, so although we know that your refers to you, it is not the noun or the noun substitute (pronoun). Vices is the noun. In the second half of the sentence, however, the noun and the possessive adjective have both been replaced with one word – the pronoun, mine. Because it stands in the place of the noun, mine is a true pronoun whereas your is an adjective that must be followed by a noun.

Indefinite Pronouns

These pronouns do not point to any particular nouns, but refer to things or people in general. Some of them are: few, everyone, all, some, anything, and nobody. Example: “Everyone is already here.”

Relative Pronouns

These pronouns are used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun. These are:who, whom, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, and that. Example: “The driver who ran the stop sign was careless.”

Intensive Pronouns

These pronouns are used to emphasize a noun or pronoun. These are: myself, himself, herself, themselves, itself, yourself, yourselves, and ourselves. Example: “He himself is his worst critic.”  

Demonstrative Pronouns

There are five demonstrative pronouns: these, those, this, that, and such. They focus attention on the nouns that are replacing. Examples: “Such was his understanding.” “Those are totally awesome.”

Interrogative Pronouns

These pronouns are used to begin a question: who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, and whatever. Example: “Who will you bring to the party?”

Reflexive Pronouns

There is one more type of pronoun, and that is the reflexive pronoun. These are the ones that end in “self” or "selves." They are object pronouns that we use when the subject and the object are the same noun.

• I told myself not to bet all my money on one horse.
• The robber hurt himself chasing me through the alley.

We also use them to emphasize the subject.

• Usually, the guy I borrowed the money from will send an employee to collect the money, but since I owed so much, he himself came to my house.

Sumber :

http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar

http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/pastcont.htm
http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/pronouns/types-of-pronouns.html
http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerbAgree.asp

http://www.englishtenses.com/tenses/

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/pastcontinuous.html

http://grammar.about.com/od/grammarfaq/a/Does-The-English-Language-Have-A-FutureTense.html

http://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/subjectverb_agreement_examples/70/